Colonialism is a major feature of the economic history of nigeria. Home africa in the 20th century aaas 1261 research british colonial economic policy in nigeria the exle of economic munity of west african states ecowas ways of the world a global with s robert w strayer 2 doc the colonial infrastructural development in nigeria. Economic history of nigeria 2001 edition open library. A site of artistic expression, theological reflection, economic empowerment, and social engagement, in a very real sense, its congregants and leaders helped to define the black experience. Iron production in west africa from the seventh to the twentieth century. Economic development in nigeria 393 the country is big and diversified, and the present federal constitution reflects the history as well as the diversification of the country. The discovery was made by shellbp, at the time the sole concessionaire. Walter rodney 1973 preface this book derives from a concern with the contemporary african situation. Colonialism as a system for underdeveloping africa 6. The nigerian political economy in transition sani musa february 2006 the military handed over power to a civilian administration on may 29th 1999 with the inauguration of president olusegun obasanjo and 36 civilian state governors.
One can find examples of sustained economic growth throughout history, for example in the woolen industry in th century flanders, and in 14th century florence. Economic history of west africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. The history of the interior of west africa is the history of the movement of different peoples and a constant process of fusion between them. There were very promising signs about nigerias economy after the country gained independence from britain.
The location of economic potentials of a frontier community in nigeria. The european struggle to establish communities and trading posts on the west african coast from about the mid17th century to the mid18th century was part of the wider competition for trade and empire in the atlantic. By examining key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism, and the economy, the authors show how nigeria s history has been swayed by the. The movement is unique in that it combines a sectarian, radical islamic agenda with violence.
The oldest fossil remains found by archaeologists in the southwestern area of iwo eleru, near akure, have been dated to about 9000 bce. It encompasses not only the ethnically russian part of the country but also the nonrussian peoples of the tsarist and. The history of nigeria can be traced to prehistoric settlers nigerians living in the area as early as 1100 bc. After independence, the nigerian economy seemed very promising. Making a critic for the decline of nigerian agricultural sector in the 20th century requires a lengthy treatment and thus this is just a preliminary critical overview. Islam reached nigeria through the borno empire between 1068 bc and hausa states around 85 ad during the 11th century, while. D department of history and international studies university of ilorin, ilorin. By examining key themes such as colonialism, religion, slavery, nationalism, and the economy, the authors show how nigerias history has been swayed by the. I begin with the precapitalist economy of mesoamerica.
With 356,759 square miles, it is one of the largest african nations. A series of world oil price increases from 1973 produced rapid economic growth in transportation, construction. Policies to protect domestic industries such as tariff measures stifled trade. Womens war, fight for independence, and making the country better.
This article aims to provide an overview of the economic history of subsaharan africa since independence around 1960 for most countries. A series of world oil price increases from 1973 produced rapid economic growth in transportation, construction, manufacturing, and government services. To save them, you probably will need to right click on the link and save it to your. The process of colonial rule and formal economic exploitation ended in 1960 but left nigeria a relatively strong but undiversified economy. It is thus a critical sector that drives the economic development and industrialization of nations.
St matthewdanial the challenges confronting the nigerian econ omy in the 21st century are diverse and enor mous. Immigration quotas, world war i, and emigrant flows from the united states in the early 20th century. Economic history efik ekundare enugu established european firms exchange expatriate firms exploitation export factories. The unacceptable state of nigeria s economy is most galling given nigeria s enormous endowments of natural and human resources. Being referred to as the largest black nation, the nigerian economy is one of the most developed economies in africa.
Walter rodney 1973 how europe underdeveloped africa. In the first decade of the nineteenth century, two unrelated developments that were to have a major influence on virtually all of the area that is now nigeria ushered in a period of radical change. Many saw nigeria, with 25% of africas population, as an emerging economy. The 48 countries of the region are also extremely varied, both in size and economic history, with many small countries and giants such as nigeria. Poverty, the most pressing issue confronting the continent, has received worldwide publicity in recent years. Pdf although the years since nigerias return to civilian rule in. Menger advances his theory that the marginal utility of goods is the source of their value, not the labor inputs that went into making them. In fact, nigeria was quite important to the world as a vast field of. By relying on secondary data gathered from related literatures, the paper identifies factors influencing the evolutionary development of management thoughts in nigeria which include colonialism, culture, socio economic. Disability within the african culture 474 ideation rather than material existence banks 2001. The following mp3 audio files may also help you learn. The advancement of the nigerian economy after the 1960 independence.
The study discusses management thought evolution in the precolonial, colonial and postcolonial history of nigeria. What links here related changes upload file special pages permanent link. On april 27, brookings hosted robert bates of harvard university to address why political instability in africa has been on the rise since the latter half of the 20th century. Archie brownis professor of politics at st antonys, oxford. Economic history of nigeria precolonial era to date. An overview of the nigerian economic growth and development. By approximately 2500 to 2000 years ago, ironworking cultures, such as the nok, were thriving. Nigeria joined the ranks of oil producers in 1958 when its first oil field came on stream producing 5,100 bpd. The river niger, which is about 730 miles long inside nigeria. A social and economic history of the ussr in world war ii 1991. An economic history of nigeria r86or96o south african history. History of the nigerian petroleum industry oil was discovered in nigeria in 1956 at oloibiri in the niger delta after half a century of exploration. In the ninth and tenth centuries the incoming movement of peoples into nigeria.
By the end of the 19th century, britain began an aggressive military expansion in the region. It delves into the past only because otherwise it would be impossible to understand how the present came into being and what the trends are for the near future. Nigeria in the twentieth century 3 ut liberal arts. A celebration and a challenge abbreviations asean association of southeast asian nations cap consolidated appeals process celade latin american and caribbean demographic centre ciess interamerican centre for social security studies eca economic commission for africa ece economic commission for europe eclac economic commission for latin america and. Political alliances in europe divided the continent into two camps. The foreign trade of nigeria has expanded consistently in the last two decades. To read about the background to these events, see history of nigeria. Toyin falola and matthew heaton describe their project as a general background survey of the broad themes of nigeria s history from the beginnings of human habitation to the early twentyfirst century p. Apr 26, 2018 by the middle of the 20th century, the great wave for independence was sweeping across africa and nigeria became independent in 1960. British colonialism, nationalism and independence, political parties, the civil war, petroleum, and military rule. She has published extensively on gender, the family and the history of nineteenth century. Nigeria has always played a major economic role in the world. Nigeria in the twentieth century university of texas at austin. Davies, and samuel akinsanya founded the nigerian youth movement nym in 1934.
The assassination of archduke ferdinand in the balkans sparked the century s first world war. Starting with the 11th century long distance trading flourished connecting thriving pockets of growth, between venice and the netherlands. The evolution of management theories, philosophies and. The plateau area around jos was a meeting point for cultural influences from the upper niger valley where agriculture developed independently as early as 5000 bce and from egypt. Njoku, economic history of nigeria, 19th and 20th centuries, enugu. Nigeria in the twentieth century toyin falola editor carolina academic press 2002 this book focuses on the major issues in the history of nigeria during the twentieth century, showing how the country was created and governed under different regimes. In fact, nigeria was quite important to the world as a vast field of adventure, for asserting imperial supremacy and. Before the introduction of files and sharpening machines.
Abbott department of geography, university of iowa. Economic history of nigeria looking back at the precolonial era, particularly between 1680 and 1800, the economy of nigeria was dominated by the atlantic slave trade because of the growth of the atlantic plantation. History of nigerias economy dated back to before independence on october 1960. This is a timeline of nigerian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in nigeria and its predecessor states. Nigeria and the socioeconomic globalization of the 20th. The nigerian economy in the 21st century nigeria, the most populous nation in africa, is well endowed with raw materials and natural resources.
Jane humphries is reader in economic history at all souls college, university of xii contributors oxford. Search for library items search for lists search for. The economic development of nigeria from 1914 to 2014 casade. Some of the history of these countries, however, is naturally mentioned in this history of the rest of africa but is kept to the minimum needed to make the rest comprehensible. The first significant changes occurred under colonial rule in the first half of the century. Pages in category 20th century in nigeria the following 4 pages are in this category, out of 4 total. Library of congress federal research division country profile. Britain eventually gained control of nigerian administration. Evidence of human occupation in nigeria dates back thousands of years. At the beginning of the 20th century the global economy was in turmoil. Africa experienced considerable economic development during the 20th century, and, while this provided many benefits, it also gave rise to a number of serious problems. Everywhere in the old worldafrica, the middle east, russia, south asia, central asia, east. Many histories of twentieth century nigeria will focus on the big picture.
Doc the economic development of nigeria from 1914 to. The emancipation of the nigerian economy from the 1914 regions of nigeria nigeria has always played a major economic role in the world. It provides, through its tributary, the benue, thl longest uninterrupted waterway into the interior of africa. This is a short history of africa excluding egypt, ethiopia and dutch and british south africa, which are the subjects of separate histories. State department central files are the definitive source of american diplomatic reporting on political, military, social, and economic developments throughout the world in the twentieth century. Japans economy in the twentieth century 5 the growth of national economic output phases of development although japan began to move toward economic modernity in the last decades of the tokugawa shogunate, this transition became a burning national priority only after the installation of the new regime in 1868. The new economic developments that emerged during the colonial period stayed concrete for most of the 20th century. Over the years, nigeria has gone through many stages of economic growth and in this post, wed like to take a look at how this. This edition consists of the central files for biafranigeria for the period between 1967 and 1969, arranged according to the state. The nigerian economy is one of the largest in africa. Nigeria, july 2008 2 of slaves flowed north across the sahara for a millennium, ending only at the beginning of the twentieth century. A century in the development of nigeria history essay. Although based in lagos, the nym was the first nigerian nationalist organization to promote politics outside of the capital. The purpose of this article is to promote the revival of african economic history.
Nigeria was integrated into an international system, as colonial rule altered traditional economies to create what can be called a new economy based on the production of cash crops and dependence on external markets. How europe underdeveloped africa abahlali basemjondolo. It undertakes a historical assessment of economic development efforts in. Nigeria has a long history, with its roots in early civilisations of distinguished artistry.
Perplexed by economic crises of immense proportions and dominated by the. The federal republic of nigeria is a country in west africa and the most populous country on the african continent. A brief description on the history of federal republic of nigeria. The nigerian journal of economic history njeh seeks to promote the scholarly study of africas and the developing worlds past economic issues and events from a diversity of perspectives notably those of history, economics, and other relevant disciplines. A companion to 20th century america edited by stephen j. Late 19th century and early 20th century lagos was also a center for educated west african elites who were to play prominent roles in the development of panafricanism as well as nigerian nationalism.
Within nigeria, slavery was widespread and bore social implications that are still evident. Income maximization and the selection and sorting of international migrants. The emancipation of the nigerian economy from the 1914 regions of nigeria. Umoh introduction this article overviews the growth and development of the nigerian economy from inde pendence to present times. This is a timeline of nigerian history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in nigeria and tis predecessor states. A series of unfortunate political and economic events have stalled nigerian growth. There are isolated collections of ancient tools and artifacts of different periods of the stone age, but the oldest recognizable evidence of an organized. Its population of around forty million makes nigeria the largest african unit.
Listening to the summaries does not replace reading and taking notes, but it is another way to learn about history. Although the areas of savanna and coastal forest which make up contemporary nigeria have been inhabited for thousands of years, archeology and linguistics give us only fragmentary glimpses into most of that history. Pdf this paper examines the problem of nigerias economic development. Numerous ancient african civilizations settled in the region that is today nigeria, such as the kingdom of nri, the benin empire, and the oyo empire. Ahistoryofnigeria assets cambridge university press. Truth is colonialism plays a big role in the history of nigerias economy. The unacceptable state of nigeria s economy is most galling given nigeria s enormous endowments of natural and human resource.
It is because a person has more choices as their prosperity grows that economists care so much about growth. Prior to the 20th century, the term culture was used by elite and powerful groups to define existing limitations of others and their related cultures in order to maintain a status quo. Njoku, 2001, magnet business enterprises edition, in english. The implication is that the individual mind is the source of economic value, a point which started a revolution away from the flawed classical view of economics. In this way they address the focus on the nineteenth and twentieth. Precolonial history of nigeria kingdoms of nigeria. A history of nigeria is an impressive book, the more so because its ambitions initially appear straightforward. Since the late 1960s it has been based primarily on the petroleum industry. Many saw nigeria, with 15% of africas population, as an emerging economy. Economic and ethnic forces throughout the 20th century, poverty and economic marginality were associated with the emergence of youth gangs, but in the 1980s and early 1990s, the loss of hundreds of thousands of factory jobs. Direct trade with europe started from the fifteenth century.